This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. This is. e. , at z = z L) must be equal to the load impedance attached to that end! Q: But the result above is useful for the “old” V(z,Iz,Zz)()( ) description of transmission line activity. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip. 125) wavelength long, using 50 ohm line with a velocity factor of 0. 0 MHz. , the resistive component is zero), the input impedance is: Z 0,β A ZL=Z0 in 0 ZZ=Transmission lines Transmission line concepts and an online transmission line calculator by Owen Duffy, VK1OD. Z. The old expression, “you get what you pay for,” usually holds true. 15. The IPC Formulas and Wadell’s Method. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. e. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. 6. The calculator uses the formula: L =20log10 ( λ 4 πd )+10log10 ( (4 π )2 Gt Gr )+Line Loss. A stripline impedance calculator can help you determine the width that will be needed to hit a target impedance for a given substrate dielectric and thickness. Commonly fabricated with printed circuit board (PCB) technology, a microstrip antenna calculator tool is an electrical transmission line that is. Microstrip Transmission Line Models. Characteristic impedance Z 0 of microstrip is also a function of the ratio of the height to the width W/H (and ratio of width to height H/W) of the transmission line, and also has. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Then enter the values of the impedances as complex numbers of the form a + bj a + b j, where the. Sierra Circuits’. This transmission line calculator calculates the impedance at input and attenuation of a given transmission line once terminated with the given load. substitute the values in the above formula. MICROSTRIP WIDTH CALCULATOR. The impedance values can be stated in either phase coordinates (A, B, and C) or sequence coordinates (zero, positive, and negative sequence). TX-LINE software is a free and easy-to-use Windows-based interactive transmission line calculator for the analysis and synthesis of transmission line structures. There is a ground plane wider than the microstrip transmission line. Home. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. Lossy Transmission Line Impedance Using the same methods to calculate the impedance for the low-loss line, we arrive at the following line voltage/current v(z) = v+e z(1+ˆ Le 2 z) = v+e z(1+ˆ L(z)) i(z) = v+ Z0 e z(1 ˆ L(z)) Where ˆL(z) is the complex reflection coefficient at position z and the load reflection coefficient is unaltered. At a distance x into the line, there is current phasor I(x) traveling through each wire, and there is a voltage difference phasor V(x) between the wires (bottom voltage minus top voltage). 19. 1 3. With hundreds of coaxial RF cables in-stock and ready to ship worldwide immediately, our coax capacitance calculator lets you calculate the impedance of a coax by allowing you. 3, Kevin Schmidt, W9CF. In this example, we consider a device. zo depends upon the geometry and the material of the transmission line. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the formulas at the bottom of the page. 3 3. Altium Designer’s differential line impedance calculator will set up your impedance-controlled differential pair routing widths for you. Transmission Line Parameter Calculator; PCB Trace Impedance Calculator; Electromagnetic Modeling Tools; Upcoming EMC Events. (For example, a two-section (N = 2) transformer has a 95. If there is an insulator around the wire then this calculator will be an estimate. β = 0. This calculator assumes the distance between the two reference planes to be an equal distance. 05); Calculate the S-parameters of the equation-based transmission line over the frequency range 1 – 4 GHz. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. The parameters computed are the resistance R, reactance X, susceptance B, and conductance G. Adding shunt inductance moves clockwise along constant admittance circles. e. In the input section, provide the following data: Source. This tool visually illustrates signal ringing at the. This calculator is designed to help calculate the value of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used in T-pad attenuator. Loss of a CPW line is primarily due to dielectric, radiative, and conductor losses. The spacing between the wires is 5mm and the measured impedance is ~200 ohms. If the ground plane is treated as a universal ground, then the model of a segment of length Δz is as shown in Figure 2. 4. The short-circuit jumper is simulated by a 1 µΩ load impedance: Shorted transmission line. The first section, Section 2. Follow @SpokCa. It accounts for ground wires, ground return, and mutual coupling between circuits. com Microstrip Impedance Calculator. Use the Series. 52&&%6%13+-. Effective Dielectric Constant ( εeff ):2. If this were a load on the line, we recognize from transmission-lineTable 7. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. 2. 4. Sierra Circuits’ Transmission Line Reflection Calculator will greatly help you comprehend signal characteristics in the design phase. In this Type C PFN, each capacitance has an initial condition voltage of 1000 V. 671; thus Z 0 = 48. 7. The cross section of the coplanar waveguide is illustrated in the image above. = 2π/15 x 10 3. This free online interactive Smith chart tool is a calculator which can help you design matching networks and obtain maximum power transfer between your source and load. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel square stock. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. This. 5. Use our free online app Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator to determine all important calculations with parameters and constants. The key is how fast the signal speeds are that you are working with. 16. It is one of the most popular transmission lines used in the VHF frequency range. To use a Quarter Wave Transformer Calculator: Determine the characteristic impedance (Zs) of the source circuit and the target impedance (Zl) of the load circuit. Topic 56: Characteristic Impedance One of the most basic parameters of a transmission line is zo, its characteristic impedance. Figure 1: Transmission Line connects generator and the load. Reset. Z PU GIVEN = Given Per Unit Impedance. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. ATLC (Arbitrary Transmission Line Calculator) based on finite difference is used to find the characteristic impedance of a pair of parallel square conductors in air. A microstrip transmission line is made up of a flat conductor. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. , they. Schematic of a wave moving rightward down a lossless two-wire transmission line. ) X C = Capacitor Bank Impedance (ohms) X C-PU = Capacitor Bank Per Unit Impedance. 3mil seems like a substantial enough difference. Return to the top. Cadence/AWR. This form of microstrip is composed of two traces. • THE impedance of the transmission line (may be time dependent) • The instantaneous impedance of the transmission line • The Characteristic impedance of the transmission line Just referring to “…the impedance” may be a bit ambiguous Eric Bogatin 2000 Slide -10 MYTHSFind Characteristic Impedance of a Transmission Line Calculator at CalcTown. Building Open-Wire Lines If this were 1931, we would receive the following advice on building parallel transmission line: "An impedance of 600 ohms is both convenient and standard, however, and is entirely satisfactory for amateur systems. The impedance calculator can also update the PCBS stackup with the current setup. In terms of the characteristic impedance. Zo (unloaded trace impedance, Ohms) = Tpd (unloaded propagation delay, ps/unit len) = Cl (distributed capacitve load, pf) =. 5rad. The options are English system or Metric (SI) system. TLDetails includes a plot function that allows you to plot the matched line loss, the true velocity factor, or the true characteristic impedance magnitude, over a frequency range of either 0. We define the characteristic impedance of a transmission line as the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the forward wave as shown in Equation 6, or the ratio of the voltage to the current amplitude of the reflected wave as shown in Equation 7 . Black dots represent electrons, and the arrows show the electric field. 1, the top (visible) traces comprise one conductor, whereas the ground plane (underneath, so not. Port Characteristic Impedance, Zo (Ohms) =. Radius. Topic 56: Characteristic Impedance One of the most basic parameters of a transmission line is zo, its characteristic impedance. Building Open-Wire Lines If this were 1931, we would receive the following advice on building parallel transmission line: "An impedance of 600 ohms is both convenient and standard, however, and is entirely satisfactory for amateur systems. ), but. Chemandy on the other hand tells me 14. The impedance ratio has a peak at about 1. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. Enter the number n n of impedances in parallel as a whole number and press "Enter". Assuming both are accurate enough. Relative Dielectric Constant ( εr ): Track Width (S): mm. The impedance values can be stated in either phase coordinates (A, B, and C) or sequence coordinates (zero, positive, and negative sequence). One of the features of this type of microstrip is the coupling between lines. 1 where k is the solution of: Eq. Calculate impedance, reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and VSWR. In transmission line theory, the mismatch loss (ML) is the ratio of incident power (Pi) to the difference between incident and reflected power (Pr). It renders fairly accurate results suitable for use in circuit board manufacturing and. 9)This calculator determines the differential microstrip impedance of a transmission line. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance. The Differential Pair Impedance Calculator is a specialized tool used in electrical engineering and signal integrity analysis to determine the characteristic impedance of a differential pair of transmission lines. Analyze. c. There are some advantages to using a. 2. Under common mode driving (same magnitude, same polarity), the even mode impedance is the impedance of one transmission line in the pair. %&˜’()& $*+%&˜’(,%+-. , transmission lines that have zero resistance along the conductors and infinite resistance between the conductors. All the math involved is well explained and documented by Dan AC6LA on his site. On-line RF engineering calculators for designing air coil inductors, other transmission lines, filters and antennas. 0 of the transmission line and the impedance of the TDR. You have the option of specifying which impedance will be used in the renormalization. It's easy to get a number out of an impedance calculator, but understanding what the number means and how to use it are the real challenges. 5 Power Flow on a Terminated Lossy Line. Just about any signal in a high-speed design can behave like a transmission line, including data, memory, clocks, controls, and any other nets in the design. Two properties characterize the PCB dielectric materials:A Transmission line calculator, Version 0. Structure of micro microstrip transmission line. AS9100D – Military & Aerospace; IPC-A-600 Inspectors;Again, we will look at a transmission line circuit in Figure 1 to find the input impedance on a transmission line. This has led to the development of a special radio-frequency transmission-line calculator for solving many ordinary transmission-line problems. The transmission line input impedance is related to the load impedance and the length of the line, and S11 also depends on the input impedance of the transmission line. Several equations are presented here, and these equations describe ideal situations that do not account for the complex geometry of a real PCB. Today’s PCBs contain many transmission lines. Draw a circle through this point around the center. It is only equal to double the characteristic impedance in certain cases. It is important to determine the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable because this impedance should match the impedance. The rules shown below are a rough approximation, and you should always check the approximation using an impedance calculator or field solver. 2 and: Eq. These values are computed as distributed (per. Line Length: This is the value of the distance of the transmission line. or. Comments. The even mode impedance is simply the impedance of a single line when the two lines are driven in. A microstrip is a type of transmission line in which a strip of a conducting material like copper is mounted on a dielectric material and routed to a ground plane. Impedance calculationEven and Odd Mode Impedance. The required values are trace thickness, substrate heights, trace width, and subtrate dielectric in the calculator above and press the "calculate" button. THESE FORMULAS ARE APPROXIMATIONS! They should not be used when a high degree of accuracy is required. Without repeating everything in that article, the input impedance depends on the characteristic impedance, propagation constant, load impedance, and length of the. This paper documents the development and testing of a Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TLPC), which computes the impedance parameters for short and medium transmission lines. 2 of the Microstrip Calculator, h=H1 and b=H2-H1. There is also a dielectric material placed above the conductor. Impedance calculationQuarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. At these frequencies, the transmission line is actually functioning as an impedance transformer, transforming an infinite impedance into zero impedance, or vice versa. Microstrip has conductors embedded in two dielectric mediums and cannot support a pure TEM mode. Gain Uncertainty due to Mismatch Calculator. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. The edge couple differential symmetric stripline transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. Use this option with the input arguments in the previous syntax. 7) Ω per km (line-to-neutral). Select the Z0 button to calculate the characteristic impedance of the corresponding line. The amplitude increases as the coupling length increases up to a point. A BASE = Base Amps. The software also has some capabilities for predicting transmission line losses as well. Just as was the case with microstrip impedance calculators, stripline impedance calculators tend to rely on either the IPC-2141 formulas or on Wadell’s equations. The transformation ratio goes to zero at θ= π. The velocity factor is simply: 1 / sqrt (e_r*mu_r). The formula used in this calculator is an approximation for the characteristic impedance of a coplanar waveguide: scssCopy code. end Resonances on shorted transmission line . ac lin 101 1m 1meg * Using “Nutmeg” program to plot analysis . 6 A, respectively, determine the power factor of the delta system. In terms of the characteristic impedance in line 1, mutual impedance. These values are computed as distributed (per. TX-LINE software is a FREE and interactive transmission-line utility for the analysis and synthesis of transmission-line structures that can be used directly in Cadence ® AWR ® Microwave Office ® software for matching-circuits, couplers, and other high-frequency designs. Kenneth L. V~(z) = V~+ 0 (ejβz +ΓLe−jβz) I(z) = V~+ 0 Z0 (ejβz − Γe−jβz) (1) (2. The average amateur does not like to. When the length of a transmission line is longer than several wavelengths at the signal frequency, the two parallel conductors of the transmission line appear as a complex impedance. z0_f = getZ0 (txline,freq) returns the characteristic impedance with dispersion for a transmission line at the specified frequency. For example, if u = 1 and ε r = 10, then from the figure, Z 0 ε e = 126 Ω and ε e / ε r = 0. 8/ (Er^0. Another way of stating it is that it is the ratio of voltage and current of a wave traveling in one direction in the. 125) wavelength long, using 50 ohm line with a velocity factor of 0. Z PU = Per Unit Impedance. This online microstrip impedance calculator calculates the characteristic impedance of the microstrip (Ω), W/H ratio, and effective dielectric constant (εe) by entering the value of dielectric material relative permittivity (εr),. The user only needs to enter the attenuation in decibels (dB) and the given characteristic impedance of the transmission lines to be matched. Dielectric Thickness: mm. 6 Comparison of Transmission Line Impedance Transformers. 16. Assume that we need to transform the load impedance Z L = 20 + j10 Ω to the complex conjugate of the source impedance Z S = 50 + j50 Ω—to provide a complex conjugate match between the load and source. Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. Fig. Online Transmission Line Calculators. 7mil. Edge Coupled Stripline Differential Impedance Calculator. The first section, Section 3. m. The characteristic impedance of the line is displayed in the last box and the blue dots under the panel show the proportions of the cable providing (Radius+Spacing) < 80. Differential pairs are commonly found in high-speed data communication systems, such as those used in computer interfaces (e. The calculator below uses Wadell’s equations to determine the differential impedance of symmetric striplines, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. Setting the argument of the cos function to a constant is like picking a point on the wave and riding on it. The units are miles when using English system, or kilometers when using the Metric (SI) system. Dielectric loss in a PCB transmission line. How to Use the Calculator. ˇ4628˚%˚,ˇ72. The impedance calculation using power and current is well defined for a Wave Port. It is also known as natural loading as it is the power loading at which reactive power is neither produced nor absorbed. 1. Call us: +1 (800) 763-7503 Email us: through our Customer Care form. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. First, calculating the line impedance: taking the 75 Ω we desire the source to “see” at the source-end of the transmission line, and multiplying by the 300 Ω load resistance, we. Enter the Outer Diameter (D), Outer Diameter (d), and Permittivity. The wave length of transmission line is derived from the formula: L (wavelength in meters) = 300,000/KHz. EMC Products and Services; EMC Organizations; EMC Periodicals. Although implementations vary, the wire diameter is usually about 1 mm and and the wire spacing is usually about 6 mm. 3 relates the RLGC transmission line model to the properties of a medium. 3, respectively. Articles; Tools; Contact Us; Main Menu. In other words, if the load impedance is equal to the transmission line characteristic impedance, the input impedance will be likewise be equal to Z 0 regardless of the transmission line length A. Adding shunt capacitance moves counter-clockwise along constant admittance circles. In general, it is double the odd-mode impedance, which is the value we care about for differential signaling, as it is used in high-speed PCB design. . A tool for calculating the impedance of a coaxial cable given its dimensions. Thus, since the transmission line has a length of L, the input impedance is Z(-L). 5 is a lossy transmission line and the total voltage and current at any point on the line are given by. Spice-like simulators use lumped-element transmission line models in which an RLGC model of a short segment of line is replicated for the length of the line. The Differential microstrip impedance calculator is used to compute the differential (Zd) and single-ended impedance (Zo) of an edge-coupled microstrip line just by entering the width, separation and thickness of the. 1 7. Input Impedance of a Transmission Line with a Load Impedance Recall from the previous chapter that we chose z=0 to be at the load, and everything to the left of that point has a negative value of z. Step by step calculation. In this ideal scenario, no power is lost, and the VSWR value is 1 : 1, which signifies 100% transmission of the input power from the source. The odd mode impedance, Z 0,o, is given by the following equation: Eq. or any device with a web browser. Use the "Spin Buttons" to adjust the values in the box. In general, θ = ( π / 2) ( f / f 0). Equations used to make these calculations can be found in the book [1], and are also. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between them (see diagram below). Type C Pulse Forming Network. I. 946 for silver, or 1. TL 45. The free impedance calculator shown below. These equations are rather complex, comprising a set of 67 interrelated equations and parameters, which includes a requirement to calculate elliptical integrals. 0-1)˚,ˇ%233+. In this section, zo is calculated for four common transmission lines — coaxial, twin-lead, parallel plate, and microstrip. The above situation is. What is the phase angle between these voltages? Also, find the transmission efficiency of the line. Choose the connection type. This allows the stored energy, capacitance, inductance and impedance to be found. Create an equation-based transmission line 50 cm in length. A. There are four factors that generally enter the solution of problems involving the changing input impedance along a line. Figure 3. The characteristic impedance (Z 0) of a transmission line is the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current of a single wave propagating along the line. Note: All. Figure 5. This situation can be expressed by the following equation:The impedance of a trace is calculated based on the placement of plane and signal layers in the PCB stackup. As these additional effects are included in a transmission line model, the resulting impedance equations become very complex. Thickness: Thickness of the microstrip conductor. Ω/mΩ/in. The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. How to calculate reflection coefficient? Reflection coefficient (Γ) is calculated by using the following formula. A transmission line should have a uniform characteristic impedance to avoid signal reflections. This tool calculates the matching network necessary to terminate a line of the specified characteristic impedence (Z o) in a specific complex load impedence (R L + jX L) at a specified frequency. With hundreds of coaxial RF cables in-stock and ready to ship worldwide immediately, our coax capacitance calculator lets you calculate the impedance of a coax by allowing you to enter the outer diameter dielectric width and inner conductor diameter. 19. The circuit schematic for the Type C Pulse Forming Network is shown below. 3 | TRANSMISSION LINE CALCULATOR where γ, the complex propagation constant is given by: If only a forward-propagating wave is present in the transmission line (no reflections), dividing the voltage V by the current I gives the characteristic impedance Z 0, or wave impedance of the transmission line:Microwave Impedance Calculator Rogers Corporation. If any of these values is modified, the corresponding per unit or MVA value will be changed accordingly, taking into consideration the current line length, length. Line Length Units: The line length units specify the measurement system to use when entering the line length. e. • In general, the impedance line should be defined. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . ,100 % power transferred from a source to a load via a transmission line/cable). When you want to determine the width and length of a microstrip line for any given characteristic impedance and electrical length, or vice versa, a microstrip calculator is the right tool to do so. 1. (a) Coupled stripline (planar, or edge-coupled). This type of transmission line is frequently encountered as a feed line on antenna booms, especially with log-periodic dipole arrays. Frequency: Frequency at which the stripline is analyzed or. Between a transmission line and a via structure with different impedance; Between a transmission line and some other RF structure with different impedance; Between a transmission line and a load component with different impedance; While there is not enough room to cover every taper design situation listed above, I’ll do my best to. It supports both balanced and unbalanced lines. FH11 Author: dori. The input impedance of a short- or open-circuited lossless transmission line is completely imaginary-valued and is given by Equations 3. Series resistance accounts for ohmic ðI2RÞ line losses. For example: Yellow Violet Red Gold: 4 7 x100 ±5% = 4700 Ohm, 5% tolerance. A two part calculator which gives ideal and preferred value resistors, showing most formulas used and a link to the others. It is frequently used as such in antenna work when it is desired, for example, to transform the impedance of an antenna to a new value that will match a given transmission line. If is the characteristic impedance of the line, then () / = for a wave moving rightward, or () / = for a wave moving leftward. Impedance mismatch/discontinuity between the transmission line/cable to the connected load/component leads to a small amount of incident signal power reflect back to the source. 4. ) X C = Capacitor Bank Impedance (ohms) X C-PU = Capacitor Bank Per Unit Impedance. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. Follow @SpokCa. The edge couple differential symmetric stripline transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. RF calculations and conversions include metric-standard, link. These transformers are lengths of nonuniform transmission line with a. Z. 42 and later, which calculates all three symmetrical components (zero, positive, and negative sequence values) of the line impedance. 2 and 3. 3. freq = linspace (1e9,4e9,51); sparam = sparameters. 5 rad. 1kOhm, 1% tolerance: Brown Black Black Brown Brown. Following formula can be derived for the characteristic impedance of a parallel wire transmission line: 1 (1) The characteristic impedance of free space is exactly: (2) where: c. s. ϵr ϵ r = substrate dielectric. This calculator is a tool for designing balanced transmission lines with a specific desired characteristic impedance Zc and made of parallel square stock conductors of a given side length d. Delta Impedance, Rb (Ohms) =. Vias (plated holes) are used to route electrical signals among different layers of a multilayer. It also gives an estimate of the mismatched loss if the mismatch is specified. Transmission Line Calculator March 6, 2007. Terminal impedance Z term & characteristic impedance Z 0 are the key terms of this calculation. Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. b. A stripline is a type of transmission line consisting of a conductor sandwiched between two dielectric layers. 1: 300-to- 50 Ω match using an quarter-wave section of line. A Re-engineered Transmission Line Parameter Calculator. Equation 3. 6. This tool calculates the matching network necessary to terminate a line of the specified characteristic impedence (Z o) in a specific complex load impedence (R L + jX L) at a specified frequency. This code let you calculate the value of some of the parameters in circuit impedance analysis. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. If you look through search engine results, you’ll find plenty of links to calculators that can help you properly match the antenna tuner load impedance with. Simulation Setup. Moreover, this tool can. The Excel based tool (see link below) calculates the capacitance and inductance per unit length as well as the impedance of a transmission line. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. 2 3. 6 Ω and ε e = 6. The Smith chart was an invention of the electrical engineer Phillip Hagar. 0 dielectric would have a delay of about 270 ps. Coax Impedance (Transmission Line) Calculator. Overview. In other words, this is the impedance the signal actually experiences as it travels on an individual line. Rogers Advanced Connectivity Solutions (ACS) has introduced an updated design program that is free to download called the MWI-2017 Microwave Impedance Calculator, a transmission line modeling tool for electronics engineers (setting up an account is required). LPARA, an existing software at The Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC), has been. 5*3. 2. Coverage Maps by Roger Coudé, VE2DBE. Stripline transmission line. Each grid of the insulator can be thought of as 4 capacitors each. Build a model from experimental data of impedance vs. Z. The electrical parameters may be determined from. Equation 2. This paper documents the development and testing of a Transmission Line Parameter Calculator (TLPC), which computes the impedance parameters for short and medium transmission lines. Delta Impedance, Ra (Ohms) =. The development of transmission line theory is presented in Section 3. Reflection coefficient is also. For more information see About. I.